One way the film differs from Stephen King’s novella is that the book features multiple wardens during Andy’s time in prison. That’s why Warden Norton, in the movie, seems to have multiple personalities because, in a way, he does.
One day, Norton is kind to Andy, allows him to send letters, and lets him work in the library. On another, he is an entirely different person who treats Andy disgustingly. The wardens in the books (the good and the bad ones) were rolled into one (seemingly) schizophrenic character: Warden Norton.
The Famous Rock Wall
The rock wall where Andy leaves directions and money for Red was made by hand. The art department built it several months before filming and left it exposed to the elements to make it look real. It needed to look weather-beaten before shooting.
The wall stood for several years until it was sold, you guessed it, on eBay, by the farmer who owned the land. The tree is still there, although it was struck by lightning in 2011. Die-hard fans can still see parts of the wall on the grounds of the Ohio State Reformatory.
Shawshank and 'The Count Of Monte Cristo'
'The Shawshank Redemption' is very similar to 'The Count of Monte Cristo'. Alexandre Dumas' novel is even mentioned in the film. The story's protagonist is put in jail for a crime he didn't commit (check). He later escapes through a tunnel that took him years to complete.
After his escape, he finds buried treasure that he heard about in jail and uses it to get revenge. The "Count" is essentially Andy and Red rolled into one, plus a thirst for vengeance.
Introducing the Miranda Rights
The story ends in 1966, which is the same year that the landmark Miranda v. Arizona case appeared before the Supreme Court. From that year on, every defendant had the right to be informed of their rights during their arrest. If you ever wondered why they talk about someone called Miranda during almost every arrest in movie and TV history, now you know.
To make the film historically accurate, Captain Hadley is read his Miranda rights when he gets arrested at the end. Happy endings, am I right?
The Symbolism Behind Red's Name
In a movie packed with symbolism, the one staring everyone in the face is Red's full name, Ellis Redding. Ellis comes from the Welsh derivative of the word "elus", which means benevolent, and Redding is a Germanic name meaning "counsel" or "advice".
Put together, Red's name means "benevolent counselor." It perfectly fits the role that Morgan Freeman's character plays in the movie. Later in his career, the role of "benevolent counselor" seems to follow him, like in the 'Dark Knight' trilogy and 'Bruce Almighty' (where he literally plays God).